Tense

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Definition

The concept of tense in English is a method that we use to refer to time-past, present, and future. Many languages use tense to talk about time. Other languages have no concept of tense at all, but of course they can still talk about time, using different methods.

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Tenses Type

The standard tense in English is the present tense, which is usually just the root form of the verb. However, for each of the past, present, and future tenses, there are different aspects that add additional details.

1. Past, Present, and Future Tense

The past, present, and future are the central divisions of time in English. The present represents actions happening now, while the past represents actions that happened earlier, and the future describes actions that will happen later.

2.  Simple Tense

The simple tense is a grammatical aspect that refers to the normal forms of the past, present, and future tenses. Simple tenses are the easiest to form and have the fewest rules.

3. Perfect Tense

It’s used for actions that relate to other points in time, either completed or ongoing. The perfect tenses use a conjugation of the auxiliary verb have with the past participle of the main verb.

4. Continuous Tense

It’s used for ongoing or actions that happen a while before completion. The continuous tense use a conjugation of the auxiliary verb be along with the main verb’s present participle, or -ing form.

5. Perfect Continuous Tense

It’s typically used just like the perfect tense, except it describes ongoing actions that happen over a period of time. The perfect continuous tense uses a conjugation of the auxiliary verb have, the auxiliary verb been (the past participle of be), and the present participle of the main verb.

https://www.grammarly.com

Formula of Tenses 

There are actually many formulas for tense, but I only attach formulas for simple tense, namely, simple past, simple future and simple present. 

1.  Simple Present

a.  Affirmative: Subject + Base form(V1) + “s/es” for third person + object

Examples: I take my meals at night. It rains in winter.

b. Negative: Subject + do/does not + base form(V1) + object

Example: I do not take my meals at night. It does not rain in winter.

c.  Interrogative: Do/does + subject + base form (V1) + object + ?

Example: Do I take my meals at night? Does it rain in winter?

2.  Simple Past

a. Affirmative: Subject + Past Simple (V2) + object

Example: I watered the plants. The chef cooked the meal.

b. Negative: Subject + did not + base form (V1) + object

Example: I did not water the plants. The chef did not cook the meal.

c. Interrogative: Did + subject + base form (V1) + object + ?

Example: Did I water the plants? Did the chef cook the meal?

3.   Simple Future

a.  Affirmative: Subject + will/shall + base form (V1)

Example: He will plant the flowers. The chef will cook the meal.

b. Negative: Subject + will/shall + not + base form (V1)

Example: He will not plant the flowers. The chef will not cook the meal.

c.   Interrogative: Will/shall + subject + base form (V1) + ? 

Example: Will he plant the flowers? Will the chef cook the meal?

https://englishgrammarsoft.com

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